Wp/tvx/Rara ka maka-Taivoan
| Taivoan | |
|---|---|
| Rara ka maka-Taivoan | |
| Uni | |
| Nunamuan | Tainan ki Kaohsiung ki Hualian ki apa to Taiwan |
| Tautau | Taivoan |
| Pipina ki tama-urara | |
| Katara'an ki Rara |
|
| Patah | |
| Hay kidi ki rara | |
| Hay rara tu | |
| Pukidi'en ki rara | |
| ISO 639-3 | tvx |
| Glottolog | taiv1237 |
- Hamawat ta lbah kata ki rara ka maka-Taivoan. Hiro ka makiap ko mavangara ki hala, ukitaa ki Maka-Taivoan.
Rara ka maka-Taivoan ta rara ka ni-pura'en ki tautau ti Taivoan, ka ni-papatimawa'ey ato ki tama-matautaux lam ki tautau ka Taivoan ka ma-using.
Contents
Rara ka maka-Taivoan ka m-anini[1]
| Kakutungan ki 1-10 | Puruh | Puruh ki pakanunamuan | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proto-Austronesian | *əsa *isa | *duSa | *təlu | *Səpat | *lima | *ənəm | *pitu | *walu | *Siwa | *(sa-)puluq | ||
| Proto-Siraya | *saat | *ðusa | *turu | *səpat | *rǐma | *nəm | *pitu | *kuixpa | *ma-tuda | *saat ki tian | ||
| Maka-Taivoan | Suannsamna | Sia-urie | sa'a | zua | to'o | sipat gaspa | u-rima rima | u-rumu rumu | u-pitu pitu | u-waru waru | hsiya | -- |
| Siaolin | Tevorangh | caha' | zuha ruha duha | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | matuha | kaipien | |
| Alikuan | Tevorangh | caha | luha | toho | paha | hima | lom | kito kitot | kipa | macuha | kaitian kaitekin | |
| Kahsianpoo | Tevorangh | sa'ad sa'at | ruha duha | tohu tuhu | pahad pahat | hima | lum rum | kito kitu | kipat | matuha | kaitian kaitiang | |
| Dazhuang | Tevorangh | ca-ca'a | ra-ruha | ta-to'o | ta-pat | ta-rima | ta-num | tyausen | rapako | ravasen | kaiten | |
| Maka-Taivoan to patutuhen | caha' | ruha | toho | paha' | hima | lom | kito' | kipa' | matuha | kaipien | ||
Uni
Uni ki ana'
| Amax | Tukad | Rikur | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Il'b-an | i, y /i/ | u /u/ | |
| Tamawx | e /e/ | e /ə/ | |
| Lutuaf-en | a /a/ | o /o/ |
Uni ki arak
| Bilabial | Labio-dental | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | p /p/ | t /t/ d /d/ | k /k/ g /g/ | ^ /ʔ/ | |||
| Frictive | f /f/ v /v/[pukakidi 1] | s /s/ z /z/ | x /x/ | h /h/ | |||
| Sibilant | c /t͡s/ | ||||||
| Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | ng /ŋ/ | ||||
| Trill | r /r/ | ||||||
| Lateral approximant | l /l/ | ||||||
| Approximant | w /w/ | y /j/ |
Silalan ki Uni
| Sililan ki Uni | Paikakunung | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PAn | Proto-Siraya maka-Siraya ka Rie | Siraya ka maka-Utrecht | Rara ka maka-Gospel | Taivoan ka maka-Tevorangh | Proto-Siraya maka-Siraya ka Rie | Siraya ka maka-Utrecht | Rara ka maka-Gospel | Taivoan ka maka-Tevorangh | Rara ka maka-Makatao | pahaviriviri'en |
| *N | *N | -l | -l | n | *quzaN | udal | udal | uran, ulan | rain | |
| *buraN | vural | vural | buan | Moon | ||||||
| *θapaN | sapal | rapal | hyapan, rapan | foot | ||||||
| *tawiN | tawil | tawil | tawin | year | ||||||
| mutingil | tamatingin, tamatigin | little finger | ||||||||
| *l | *r | r | r | Ø / h | *rima | rima | rima | hima | hand, five | |
| *rutuŋ | rutong | utung | monkey | |||||||
| ruvog | uvok, huvok | cooked rice | ||||||||
| *tangira | tangira | tangira | tangya | ear | ||||||
| *darang | darang | darang | la'an | road | ||||||
| *m-i-rung | maong | miraon | mi'un | to sit | ||||||
| *turu | turo | turo | toho | three | ||||||
| rikat | rikat | igak | lightning | |||||||
| m-ururau | m-o'owao, m-owaowao | sing | ||||||||
| *d *z | *ð *d | s / d- | d / r- | l / r | *ðuha | sasoa | ruha | luha, ruha | two | |
| *ðapal | sapal | rapal | hyapan, rapan | foot | ||||||
| *ðalum | salom | rarum | lalum, rarum | water | ||||||
| *-ðaya | tagaseia | taareya | sidaya, cidaya | east | ||||||
| *ðira | dadila | lalila | tongue | |||||||
| *darang | darang | darang | la'an | road | ||||||
| -d- | -d- | l / r | *quzaN | udal | udal | uran | rain | |||
| makdung | madadaum | balau | heavy | |||||||
| *R | *ɣ | g | Ø | Ø / k | tagatimog | ta'atimawx | tatibu, butibuk | south | ||
| *waɣi | wagi | wa'i | maki, baki | Sun | ||||||
| aguang | akam | river | ||||||||
| agit | ait | akut, yakut | belt, girdle | |||||||
| *S | *s | g- | x- | h | ma-xangey | ma-hangay | hungry | |||
| goumgoum | homhom | bramble | ||||||||
| -g- | -x- | Ø / h | *-səpat | pa-gpat | xpat | paha' | four | |||
| *-səpat | kugipat | kuixpa | kipa | eight | ||||||
| tagatimog | ta'atimawx | tatibu | south | |||||||
| -g | -x | Ø / h / k | *taNas | talag | talax | tara, tarah | house | |||
| *bukəs | vukig | vukux | mukuk, bukuk | (head) hair | ||||||
| tagatimog | ta'atimawx | tatibu | south | |||||||
| *waNis | walig | walix | bale | tooth | ||||||
| ruvog | uvok | cooked rice | ||||||||
| *w | *w | *w | *w | b / m | *waNis | walig | walix | bale | lagit (Kanapo), ware (Takketen) | tooth |
| *waɣi | wagi | wa'i | maki, baki | wage | Sun | |||||
| mabak | mawa（"heart"） | belly | ||||||||
| *b | *b | *v | *v | ma / ba bi / bo / bu | *bukəx | vukig | vukux | mukuk, bukuk | (head) hair | |
| *bixbix | vigvig | bibit | lips | |||||||
| viil | bin | brothers | ||||||||
| vangara | manga, maga | mortar | ||||||||
| vati | bati | ghost | ||||||||
| *bələm | vulum | baun | cloud | |||||||
| *bukin | vuking | vukin | bukin | mountain | ||||||
| mavuta | mavuta | mabuta | blind | |||||||
| vovoat | mohat | porridge | ||||||||
Kakutungan[1]
| 1 | caha' | 11 | saka |
| 2 | ruha | 12 | bazun |
| 3 | toho | 13 | kuzun |
| 4 | paha' | 14 | langlang |
| 5 | hima | 15 | linta |
| 6 | lom | 16 | takuba |
| 7 | kito' | 17 | kasin |
| 8 | kipa' | 18 | komsim |
| 9 | matuha | 19 | tabatak |
| 10 | kaipien | 20 | kaitiyang |
| Pikakunun ki tunun[pukakidi 2] | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 21 | *ru-ruha kaipien ab ki caha' | 30 | tu-tuhu kaipien |
| 22 | *ru-ruha kaipien ab ki ruha | 40 | *pa-paha' kaipien |
| 23 | *ru-ruha kaipien ab ki tuhu | 50 | *hi-hima kaipien |
| 24 | *ru-ruha kaipien ab ki paha' | 60 | lo-lom kaipien |
| 25 | *ru-ruha kaipien ab ki hima | 70 | *ki-kito' kaipien |
| 26 | *ru-ruha kaipien ab ki lom | 80 | *ki-kipa' kaipien |
| 27 | *ru-ruha kaipien ab ki kito' | 90 | matuha kaipien |
| 28 | *ru-ruha kaipien ab ki kipa' | 99 | matuha kaipien ab ki matuha |
| 29 | *ru-ruha kaipien ab ki matuha | 100 | ka'atuhan |
| 4,000 | paha' katununan | ||
| 5,000 | hima katununan | ||
Ni-paki-valey-en ato ta kakutungan ka na saka tu kidi ki kaitian tu Kahsianpoo lam ki raruma ki purux ti Taivoan, mama ki Alikuan ka kasay ki papahaviriviri'an ka ma-ramax. Ni-paka-vana-aw ki papahaviriviri'an ka raruma ki kakutungan ka na 1 tu kidi ki 10, ki liling lava ki kakutungan ka na 11 tu kidi ki 20 ti Taivoan tu caha.
Kakutungan ka si'aw'awh
| 1st | nunamu |
| 2nd | *araruha |
| 3rd | *atatoho |
| 4th | *apapaha' |
| 5th | *ahahima |
| 6th | alalom |
| 7th | *akakito' |
| 8th | *akakipa' |
| 9th | *amamatuha |
| 10th | *acacaha' kaipien |
Kidi ki Paikakuan
Nanang ki Pinalang[1][2][pukakidi 3]
| pinalang | Independent | Nominative | Genitive | Oblique | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| tu caha | 1s | iau | kuri, kole | -ku | iyaw-an |
| 2s | imhu | **ko | -ho | imhu-an | |
| 3s | te tele, tene tuni | ta te, ta tele, ta tene ta tuni | -te -tele, -tene -tuni **-tin | tini-an | |
| ma-tapang | 1p.i | *imita | kita | -(m)ita | *imita-n |
| 1p.e | *imian | *kame | *-(m)ian | *imian-an | |
| 2p | imomi | kamo, kama | *-(m)omi | imomi-an | |
| 3p | *naini | *ta naini | **-nin | *naini-an | |
Sasolat ki rara ka maka-Taivoan
Pa-ha'en mi-kakua ki madax ki sasulat tu rara ka maka-Taivoan tu kitatay tu takaluluxan apa ka rie alay ki tatanen tmamud, ka aikakun ta "He Bo Lo" ka tatayen ki Xue Pan Qin Jin (薛潘清金) tu Alikuan:
he ei bo lo lo na le ah he
he ei bo lo lo na sai ah he
he ei sai a na ho to na gei ah he
he ei sai i na o he na nng ah he
he ei tai sa kei ki ki ah he
he ei pa ta to ke to kei kei ah he
he ei ma ku ha ku ku a ti ah he
he ei la to o tei sa ba lei ah he
he ei lo a ba te li ki li ah he
he ei ta lo kun tab a tab a ah he
he ei ba ka ba ta’ ou kau sa ah he
he ei ta li kun ta gi chin ah he
he ei tan ma o gei o gei o ah he
he ei koe i ha pa gia kong kong ah he
he ei sa lo u ha pa to la long ah he
he ei koe i ha long ping na ping ah he
he ei ping na ping kei to pung ah he
he ci koe i an ta tan o tan o tan ah he
he ei bo ko na lo ki bu ang ah he
he ei ka i lo ma lo ma li ah he
he ei ka i lo ma le ga le ah he
Ukitayl apa
Pukakidi
- ↑ Akomiya ta v /v/ ki caha ki allophone ka b /b/.
- ↑ Paka-vana ta pukakidi ki kakiu (*) ki rara ka asi paka-s'hut-en apa.
- ↑ Paka-vana ta pukakidi ki kakiu (**) ki rara ka ni-paka-s'hut-en ato tu Sasolat ka maka-Sinckang.
Pakanunamuan
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Tsuchida, Shigeru; Yamada, Yukihiro; Moriguchi, Tsunekazu (1991). Linguistic Materials of the Formosan Sinicized Populations I: Siraya and Basai. Tokyo: The University of Tokyo Department of Linguistics.
- ↑ Adelaar, Alexander (2011). Siraya. Retrieving the Phonology, Grammar and Lexicon of a Dormant Formosan Language. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
Solat to panax